CREDENDUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama

PERAN DAN STRATEGI GURU DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER DISIPLIN SISWA

Maria Kristina — 2026-05-25

This study aims to describe the role of teachers to shape students' disciplinary character and the strategies used to instill disciplinary values at Catholic High School (SMPK) Karitas 2 Surabaya. The study used the qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. Interviews were conducted by researcher with five informants consisting of the school principal, guidance and counseling teacher, the head of student affairs, and a discipline teacher. The results of study indicated that teachers play a role as educators, guides, role models, and motivators to shape students' disciplined character. The teachers do not only teach about knowledge, but also instill of discipline values by positive attitudes and exemplary living. The strategies used by teachers to instill the value of discipline were including consistency of implementing the rules of school; habituation of positive activities such as 5S, group prayers, flag ceremonies, singing the national anthem; and implementation of an educational reward and punishment system. Consistency of implementing those positive habituation and rewards strategies to enforce the student’s disciplinary character need to be developed and implemented consistently because such strategies considered as having a greater positive impact on the formation of students' disciplined character.

RELEVANSI SEMANGAT ZELUS ANIMARUM MENURUT VINSENSIUS A PAULO BAGI KATEKIS DALAM MEWARTAKAN INJIL MASA KINI

Oktavianti Kevin — 2026-05-25

The main focus of the study is to examine the relevance of the spirit of zelus animarum (the spirit of saving souls) according to Vincent a Paulo for the catechists in proclaiming the Gospel of God. In the present days, the catechists have faced various challenges such as secularization, globalization, and moral crisis, and so on. In the context of those challenges, the spirit of zelus animarum experienced by Saint Vincent a Paulo becomes so relevant to the life, work and the preaching of the catechists. The study was done by using a literature study methods. Literature data was analyzed using a content analysis technique. The aims of the study were to explore the relevance of the spirit of zelus animarum for catechists to proclaim the gospel of God, and to determine how far the catechists have appreciated the spirit of zelus animarum throughout their work of service and the proclamation of the gospel of God. The results of the study indicated that the spirit of zelus animarum is an important source of strength and motivation for catechists to proclaim the Gospel of God in a more contextual and creative way in the changing society.

PERAN GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KATOLIK DALAM MENINGKATKAN KARAKTER DISIPLIN DAN SOLIDARITAS SISWA

Efliana Nisam — 2026-05-25

This study aims to describe the role of Catholic religious education teachers in shaping and enhancing students' discipline and solidarity. This study used a qualitative approach. There were 9 informants in this study, consisting of the principal, two Catholic religious education teachers, and six students. Data collection methods used interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Informants were interviewed separately at different times. Data analysis techniques were carried out through the processes of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of the data analysis revealed that Catholic religious education teachers have played a significant role in shaping and enhancing students' discipline and social character. The strategies they use include demonstrating disciplined behavior to students and the entire school community, engaging in dialogue and providing reflective guidance to students. In addition, they also design religious and social activities that involve students. In carrying out their roles, Catholic religious education teachers also face obstacles and challenges, both related to the availability of time to guide students and the diversity of lifestyles in each student's family environment. These challenges are overcome through a collaborative approach between teachers, parents, and the school community. Based on these findings, further research and development of strategies to enhance the role of Catholic religious education teachers in the future is needed.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SEBUAH INOVASI ATAU KEMUNAFIKAN INTELEKTUAL: KAJIAN FILSAFAT TEKNOLOGI DALAM PEMIKIRAN NICK BOSTROM

Ester Yosia — 2026-05-20

The primary focus of this paper is to examine the impact of AI development on human cognitive abilities. Humans are rational beings with the ability to continually adapt both intellectually and creatively to meet the needs and advancements of the times. However, in recent decades, human cognitive abilities have been declining, particularly among children in school, with many exhibiting symptoms of “brain rot.” “brain decay” a phenomenon influenced by the unwise and inappropriate use of AI. This is because AI systems operate by providing convenience to the human brain through various advanced artificial intelligence features; thus, if used indiscriminately without limits, the human brain ceases to be productive and is no longer utilized to its fullest potential for thinking or conceptualizing. It is this concern that subsequently prompted the author to examine this issue, whether Artificial Intelligence is an intellectual innovation or merely intellectual hypocrisy. Nick Bostrom, a philosopher of technology, views AI through the lens of human-defined objectives. Additionally, Nick Bostrom examines AI ontologically, given that AI’s functional capabilities surpass those of humans, necessitating that humans use AI wisely. Ultimately, this research will broaden the perspective that, ontologically, AI is a tool to assist humans in developing life, not a tool to deceive the public in research.

MASALAH EKONOMI SEBAGAI TANTANGAN KELUARGA KRISTIANI ZAMAN INI

Ade Theresia Permata Sari Br Marmata — 2026-05-25

This study departs from the premise that the Christian family as ecclesia domestica is confronted with structural and multidimensional economic pressures. Low financial literacy, the expansion of consumerist culture, technological unemployment, customary demands, and currents of secularization generate vulnerabilities that affect sacramental stability, relational cohesion, and the continuity of children’s faith formation. The research aims to identify the determining factors of family economic crisis, to evaluate its pastoral–theological consequences, and to formulate ecclesial responses within the horizon of Catholic Social Teaching. The study employs a qualitative approach through library research by analytically integrating magisterial documents and empirical findings. The results reveal the emergence of an economic vulnerability trap, manifested in increasing marital conflict, long-term labor migration, declining liturgical participation, and the weakening of intergenerational faith transmission. Conversely, Eucharistic spirituality, collaborative financial governance, and empowerment-oriented diakonia correlate with greater family resilience and renewed ecclesial engagement. Therefore, strengthening faith-based financial literacy and integrative family accompaniment becomes an urgent pastoral priority.

PERAN GURU AGAMA KATOLIK DALAM MENANAMKAN NILAI-NILAI BUDI PEKERTI KEPADA SISWA SMA DI KOTA KUPANG

Emilai Barek Ola — 2026-05-25

This study explores the perceptions of Catholic religion teachers and students regarding the implementation of Catholic religious education in schools and the challenges in fostering students’ character development. The research was conducted in four senior high schools in Kupang City, involving four Catholic religion teachers and 276 students. A mixed-method approach was used through structured interviews and questionnaire surveys. The findings reveal that Catholic religious education not only emphasizes doctrinal knowledge but also focuses on forming noble character and Christian values, including honesty, responsibility, discipline, respect, and care. Teachers serve as educators, spiritual guides, and role models by integrating moral values into classroom learning and extracurricular religious activities. Students generally expressed positive perceptions, acknowledging that teachers provide exemplary behavior, guide moral development, and encourage tolerance and ethical awareness. Several challenges were identified, such as limited facilities and learning resources, low student interest in religious subjects, the small number of Catholic students in public schools, and administrative workloads that reduce preparation time. Despite these obstacles, teachers remain committed and adaptive in creating meaningful learning experiences. The study highlights the importance of institutional support, improved facilities, relevant teaching materials, reduced administrative burdens, and contextual, technology-based learning strategies to strengthen character formation through Catholic religious education.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA MYSTERY BOX UNTUK KEGIATAN BINA IMAN ANAK KATOLIK PADA MATERI KEPEDULIAN SOSIAL

Natalis Sukma Permana — 2026-05-25

This study aims to develop a creative learning media in the form of a Mystery Box game for Catholic Religious Education for Children (BIAK) activities that focus on social awareness material. The background of this study begins with the phenomenon of low interest in children to actively participate in BIAK due to monotonous teaching methods. By combining elements of play and learning, the Mystery Box is expected to increase motivation, involvement, and understanding of social awareness values for children aged 9-12 years. This study uses the ADDIE development model, which includes the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The feasibility test includes validation by field experts, media experts, limited trials, and field trials at St. Hilarius Klepu Parish. The results of the study indicate that the Mystery Box media is "very feasible" to be implemented in Catholic Children's Faith Building activities. These findings are expected to provide innovative alternatives for learning media in Catholic Children's Faith Building activities. The Mystery Box media encourages helping faith facilitators deliver Bible material through an active and fun approach.

FALSAFAH BATAK TOBA DALAM TERANG JANJI ALLAH KEPADA ABRAHAM (KEJADIAN 12:1-9): REFLEKSI TEOLOGI KONTEKSTUAL TENTANG HAMORAON, HAGABEON, DAN HASANGAPON

Paulus Halek Bere — 2026-05-25

This research aims to analyze how these cultural values are understood and practiced in the daily lives of the faithful and how they can be interpreted in the light of the biblical narrative of Abraham. This study employs a qualitative approach with a contextual theological perspective. The research was conducted at Stasi Santo Petrus Silaban, St. Francis of Assisi Parish, Palipi, where the majority of the community comes from a Batak Toba cultural background. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation involving parish members, church administrators, and traditional leaders. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, supported by triangulation techniques. The findings reveal that the values of Hamoraon, Hagabeon, and Hasangapon continue to influence the Batak Toba Catholic understanding of life success, yet these values are increasingly interpreted in the light of Christian faith. Furthermore, these cultural values show thematic parallels with the concepts of land, descendants, and blessing in Genesis 12:1–9. This study concludes that Batak Toba philosophy can serve as a meaningful space for contextual theological reflection, where local cultural values engage in a constructive dialogue with the theological message of Sacred Scripture.

KATEKESE YANG HIDUP DALAM SEMANGAT GEREJA SINODAL DI TENGAH SITUASI GEREJA DIASPORA

Liria Tjahaja — 2026-05-25

This study aims to identify the catechetical strategies that need to be developed in order to realize a kerygmatic and missionary synodal Church within the lives of the faithful, particularly in the context of a diaspora Church and contemporary evangelization challenges. The methodology employed in this paper is library research, gathering data from relevant ecclesiastical documents, books, and journal articles, which are subsequently analyzed qualitatively using descriptive analysis techniques. The findings of this study demonstrate that to address contemporary evangelization challenges and the context of the diaspora Church, the necessary catechetical strategies to be developed entail revitalizing basic Christian communities (Kelompok Basis Gerejawi) and developing digital community catechesis, particularly for the faithful who face geographical and temporal constraints in gathering physically.

PENGHAYATAN NILAI PENGORBANAN DALAM EKARISTI MELALUI PELAYANAN MISDINAR (STUDI TERHADAP BUKU-BUKU PANDUAN MISDINAR)

Richard Johanes Rantung — 2026-05-25

This study examines the value of sacrifice in the Eucharist and its relevance to altar server ministry through a study of altar server guidebooks. The problem addressed in this study is the lack of material in altar server guidebooks that explicitly teaches the value of sacrifice in the Eucharist. The scope of this study includes altar server guidebooks, Church documents related to the Eucharist and liturgical ministers, and journal articles relevant to the topic. This study aims to obtain an overview of the content of altar server guidebooks and the extent to which the value of sacrifice in the Eucharist and its relevance to altar server ministry are discussed in these guidebooks. The methodology used in this study is a qualitative method with a literature review. The literature review is a series of activities related to collecting library data, reading, recording, and organizing research materials. The results of this literature review indicate that there is a lack of specific material that systematically helps altar servers develop an appreciation of the value of sacrifice in the Eucharist, particularly in the form of catechesis on the sacrament and Eucharistic ministers. To enable altar servers to emulate Christ's sacrificial spirit, catechetical materials are needed to guide them in recognizing, understanding, and internalizing the value of that sacrifice. The author proposes a catechetical module for altar servers on the theme of the value of sacrifice in the Eucharist. The hope is that these servers will be increasingly able to internalize Christ's sacrifice in the Eucharist through their service.

IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN 5T BERBASIS BUDAYA MANGGARAI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KATOLIK DAN BUDI PEKERTI

Paulus Asriadi — 2026-05-25

This study examined teachers’ perceptions of the implementation of the 5T learning model based on Manggarai local culture in Catholic Religious Education and Character Education at SMP Negeri 2 Lamba Leda. The study was motivated by the predominance of teacher-centered learning practices that limited student participation and contextual learning experiences. The 5T learning model, consisting of Toing, Toming, Tatang, Teing, and Titong stages, was developed as a contextual learning innovation integrating local cultural values into classroom instruction. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach involving three Catholic Religious Education teachers. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, including data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings showed that teachers perceived the 5T learning model positively because it was practical, culturally relevant, and closely connected to students’ daily lives. The implementation of the model increased student participation, collaboration, communication, critical thinking, and learning outcomes. In addition, the Titong stage strengthened parental involvement in supporting students’ learning at home. These findings indicate that the 5T learning model can serve as an alternative contextual approach to support active, meaningful, and student-centered learning in Catholic Religious Education.

REFLEKSI AKHIR PEMBELAJARAN SEBAGAI SARANA PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER SISWA

Imelda Jelita — 2026-05-25

The focus of this research is reflection at the end of learning practiced at Santa Angela Junior High School, Bandung. Three research questions were addressed: what is the role of reflection in developing student character at Santa Angela Junior High School, Bandung? How is reflection implemented in the learning process at Santa Angela Junior High School, Bandung? What is the impact of reflection activities at the end of learning at Santa Angela Junior High School? This study are to explain the role of reflection in developing student character at Santa Angela Junior High School, Bandung; to explain the implementation of reflection at the end of learning at Santa Angela Junior High School, Bandung; and to explain the impact of reflection at the end of learning on student character development at Santa Angela Junior High School, Bandung. This study used descriptive qualitative research. The primary instrument for data collection was interviews. The research was conducted at Santa Anggela Junior High School, Bandung, from September to October 2024. Fourteen subjects participated, including the principal, Catholic Religious Education teacher, Civics teacher, mathematics teacher, social studies teacher, and nine students. The data were analyzed using three steps: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The analysis found that, first, reflection activities contribute to improving social skills and fostering reflective thinking patterns in students' lives. Second, reflection was implemented using a flexible, contextual, and adaptive approach to students' needs. Third, reflection has a positive impact on student character development, particularly in enhancing self-awareness, discipline, responsibility, empathy, and critical thinking skills. The researchers concluded that reflection activities at the end of learning are crucial for student character development. Therefore, every educational institution is expected to practice reflection at the end of learning, as it significantly contributes to the formation of student character.

RELASI INTERSUBJEKTIF MANUSIA DAN ALAM DALAM KRISIS TAMBANG ILEGAL

Antonius Denny Firmanto — 2026-05-25

This study examines the intersubjective relationship between humans and nature in the context of the ecological crisis caused by illegal mining through a moral-theological interpretation of Genesis 1:28 in the light of Laudato Si’. The research addresses the tendency of anthropocentric hermeneutics that interprets the biblical mandate to “subdue” and “rule” the earth as legitimization for exploitative domination over nature. Using a qualitative descriptive method with theological-hermeneutical and literature study approaches, this research analyzes biblical texts, Church documents, and philosophical reflections on intersubjectivity and ecological ethics. The findings show that Genesis 1:28, when interpreted within the broader narrative of creation and in relation to Genesis 2:15, does not justify destructive exploitation but emphasizes moral responsibility, stewardship, and ecological solidarity. Illegal mining reflects a distorted “I–It” relationship in which nature is reduced to a mere economic object devoid of intrinsic value. In contrast, an intersubjective perspective views humans and nature as part of a dialogical communion of creation grounded in God’s sustaining presence. The study concludes that the ecological crisis caused by illegal mining is fundamentally a relational and spiritual crisis requiring ecological conversion and the restoration of harmonious relationships among humans, nature, and God.

INTEGRASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER NASIONALISME SISWA MELALUI PENGAJARAN AGAMA: STUDI MULTI SITUS DI SMA NEGERI 2 DAN SMA KATOLIK ST. BONAVENTURA KOTA MADIUN

Marselina Nango — 2026-05-25

All official religions in Indonesia has claimed to have a collaborative relationship with the state, because religious values are closely linked to national values and the spirit of nationalism. However, the existence of religion in Indonesia up today is considered not to carry out its duties optimally as a moral and ethical force for the nation and state affairs. The contributing factor is that religious education being too ritualistic, dogmatic, and exclusive. Therefore, a transformation of religion and religious education is very much needed as a primary source and vehicle for public moral and ethical strength. This transformation can be done through the integration of national character education in religious teaching, meaning that religious values should be inspiring and sanctifying the values of nationality and nationalism. The research was conducted with the specific aim of exploring so called integration of national character education through religious teaching in the high schools. The research used a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected using purposive sampling techniques then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The research results indicate that national character education can be integrated through religious teaching. Strategies that can be developed for the effectiveness of integrating national character education through religious teaching include improving teachers' abilities and skills related to the said integration, and implementing a more reflective-contextual, active, and interactive model of religious learning.

ANALISIS STRATEGI GURU DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KARAKTER TANGGUNG JAWAB SISWA DI SDI MENI LONTONG

Frans Laka Lazar — 2026-05-25

This study was motivated by the gap between the ideal expectations of student responsibility and the reality of behavior in the field. The phenomenon of low student responsibility at SDI Meni Lontong was identified through the inability to complete tasks on time, low interest in learning, and the negative influence of technology abuse. This problem requires pedagogical strategies that not only touch on cognitive aspects but also affective and psychomotor aspects so that the value of responsibility is transformed into spontaneous habits. The purpose of this study is to describe the strategies teachers use to instill responsible character, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and formulate adaptive solutions to improve student academic discipline. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a postpositivist approach. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation at SDI Meni Lontong. Data validity was tested through source and technique triangulation, while data analysis was carried out through the stages of reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that teachers apply comprehensive strategies that include structured assignments, daily habituation mechanisms such as prayer and morning assemblies, and the integration of values into extracurricular activities such as scouting and sports. Other important findings highlight the role of teachers as living exemplars and the effectiveness of constructive responses through verbal appreciation in strengthening student motivation. The study concludes that character building in responsibility is successfully achieved through the integration of academic discipline, environmental hygiene management, and active collaboration with parents, thereby creating a transformative educational ecosystem for students' intellectual, emotional, and moral dimensions.